Mcnamara s The Vietnam War - 1119 Words

Alexis Hadjiyianni Mrs. Kahn 4/21/15 English McNamara’s Project 100,000 The Vietnam War started in 1959 and ended in 1975, this was the only war that America could not win. They tried everything, but the Vietnamese guerrilla warfare, in addition the foreign environment cause the stronger and bigger American Army to pull out. Allowing North Vietnam to Annex the south, and bring communism into Vietnam. At the same time Vietnam was fighting a war in their homeland, United States was fighting one of their own in there. This war was a little different; this was a fight over basic human rights and equality among the people. This war was a civil rights movement, for African Americans to have equality. Even with the inequality toward them, African†¦show more content†¦he got the rank of a Liuetenant colonel, and then left the military in 1946. after he left the military he joined the ford motor company helping them with many advancements, and at one point even become a president of the company. in 1961 he was asked by the president of United States to b ecome the new secretary of defence. As the new secretary of defense he used allot of the skills that he learned when he was working for Ford, and made the army more economical. he created many project that allowed the military to make cheap and effective equipment. His most famous project though, was project 100,000. The United States Department of defense created project 100,000 in 1966 to bring down the recruitment standards for the United States army. This project was supposedly created by the government to allow poor young men in city and country areas to enlist in the military, as a start for them to move away from poverty and create a new life. Eventually its true motives were uncovered and it was put down as a way to bulk up the combat personnel fighting in Vietnam. Project 100,000 was a program devised by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1966 to ease Secretary of Defense, Robert S. â€Å"McNamara, faced with the escalating demands for American soldiers in Vietnam, noted that the U.S. Marine Corms’ program of â€Å"repetition of training and special remedial efforts† turned low-altitude inductees into

Music Lessons Improve Life Essay - 1540 Words

Pianos are such amazingly versatile instruments. They can play fast, fun, and exciting songs, all the way down to slow, peaceful, or gloomy songs. Music can make people calm and relaxed, and also get them pumped up and full of energy. The piano produces music that is different from every other instrument. It has a wide range of sound going from low to high and from soft to loud. Put those sounds in combinations and it could produce music. The piano has a large range of music’s available that most everyone is able to find music that they would like. There are also people who play that have varying levels of talent. From famous pianists such as Mozart and Beethoven, down to beginners such as little children, they all play the piano. Do they†¦show more content†¦They then were made smaller so people could have them in their homes. Over time they spread throughout the world. They kept getting cheaper and cheaper until the Great Depression. When the Great Depression began, production decreased rapidly and the companies that made pianos had to start making coffins to stay in business. After that, different styles began to become popular, such as Jazz and religious music. (Hoover, Adams, Rucker, and Good). With the new styles, people began to style themselves through music. Some did classical, some jazz, and some country. All of these styles could be played on the piano. Music lessons have another profound effect on people. It improves brain function. â€Å"There’s some good neuroscience research that children involved in music have larger growth of neural activity than people not in music training. When you’re a musician and you’re playing an instrument, you have to be using more of your brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brown). Brown is right. With music the musician juggles the notes, position, rhythm and all the things each instrument requires. Each thing is processed in a different part of the brain which also makes great cross training with the brain. With the â€Å"combination of experiences encountered in musical training it has a positive effect on brain development† (Martin). With a more developed brain, the musician is able to comprehend more advanced material, making the musicianShow MoreRelatedArt and Music Lessons Positive Effects on Children1158 Words   |  5 Pagesworld think that life would be nonsense without musi c. Music helps people in several ways and gives a meaning to their lives. For example, music can help someone to make money, relax, spend time, work or study. Furthermore, it mostly helps children to concentrate more. The times that they study while listen to music, helps their brain power to increase over time. 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The Gay Lives of Frederick the Great and William Iii Free Essays

The Gay Lives of Frederick the Great and William III Frederick the Great of Prussia and William III of the Dutch Republic were two well known great leaders of Europe. They lived decades apart, William from 1650 to 1702, and Frederick from 1712 to 1786, yet had uncannily similar lives, in many aspects. These leaders, because of a somewhat controversial past, have lost many important clues about what their lives were really like. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gay Lives of Frederick the Great and William Iii or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nonetheless, it is known for sure that both were knowledgeable, great military leaders, champions of justice, and very likely homosexual. One of the few dissimilarities between Frederick and William was the religion they were raised on, which of course was to influence the rest of their lives, particularly in philosophy. At a young age, William was sent to a Calvinist school which emphasized the Calvinist values like modesty and theory like predestination. Although his views were far from conservative, he did tend to dress more simply, and kept a very cool and reserved appearance. William also was born a week after his father’s death, leaving him without a strong figure to emulate. If this had any effect on William, it was not apparent, for he firmly believed that he was destined for great things, and his diplomacy became one of his strongest skills. All of William’s security in his childhood did not exist for Frederick. Frederick endured a horrible abusive childhood with his tyrannical father. Frederick was very well educated and a lover of all things French- art, philosophy and literature. He was a true dandy- he dressed ostentatiously, and did very fashionable things. He also had a very close male friend- Hans Hermann Von Katte who was about 8 years older. They ran away together, but what exactly their relationship was is unclear. Frederick was careful to destroy any evidence so as to escape his father’s wrath. But it didn’t work, Frederick’s father had the two arrested, and very cruelly had Von Katte beheaded in front of Frederick’s eyes. Frederick was bed-ridden and hallucinatory for days. William II also had a close friend, who fortunately did not suffer the same fate. Willem Bentick and William became inseperable at 14. They were so close that when William contracted smallpox, Willem shared his bed, as it was thought that another person with the sick person could draw away some of the disease. Willem and William remained very close, but preceding William’s ascension to the throne, it was decided that he would need to be married. He married Mary Stuart, his cousin and daughter of the Duke of York, and very much disliked her. They were polar opposites: Mary wanted affection and was very emotional, while William had his stoic Calvinist mindset. It was sort of the reverse for Frederick: he had a very simple bride, Elizabeth Christine Brunswick, while he was more outgoing, sociable individual. Though the marriage was chosen by Frederick’s father, the prince was obedient and understood the importance of the appearance of a strong union. In fact, Frederick had a younger, more openly gay brother who he â€Å"[forced]†¦ to marry ,’to save appearances'† (Dynes 429). Although their marriages were not ideal for either, both William and Frederick stayed with their wives until the end. Frederick coped by buying a palace for his wife; William actually grew to respect his wife and rely on her diplomatic charm. In fact, following her death in 1694 and later his in 1702, William â€Å"was found to be wearing Mary’s wedding ring and a lock of her hair close to his heart† (William III). While both kings had decent marriages, Frederick and William were also known for their love of men. William’s relationships were less well known, although it was common knowledge that William was interested in men. â€Å"There was a rumour that William was unfaithful to Mary. Her meddling English servants warned her that she would catch him emerging from the bedroom of one of her ladies, Elizabeth Villiers, in the early hours of the morning. There was a scene, with William trying to assure Mary that it was not how it looked†¦ Certainly William was no womaniser and, if anything, his sexual inclinations might have veered more towards young men† (William III) Frederick had many well known lovers. It is said that his father arranged his marriage with Christine to prove Frederick’s heterosexuality in addition to producing an heir. Frederick, as a military leader, also was known to have relationships with his friends from the battlefield. Though, to his credit, he never allowed any relationships to interfere with his work or compromise his integrity. Perhaps Frederick’s best known and interesting affair was with the famous French poet Voltaire. Frederick’s love for French culture encouraged him to reach out to Voltaire, and in 1736 the 24 year old prince sent a letter to the 22 year old, already quite famous philosopher. Thus began their friendship, and they kept a close friendship, or possibly more throughout their lives. Still, there was a conflict of interest between them. Preceding Frederick’s coronation, Voltaire â€Å"Never tired of comparing Frederick to Apollo, Alcibiades and the youthful Marcus Aurelius† (Strachey 170). But Voltaire wanted to see a peaceful, united Europe, and once Frederick took the throne of Prussia he seemed only interested in war. Frederick tried to keep Voltaire around, even offering him positions in the court as he still very much valued Voltaire’s opinions. Voltaire and Frederick still exchanged writings, Frederick’s work still often implying his sexual preferences. It became a problem when Frederick was on his deathbed, and he had Voltaire arrested for possessing his work. Voltaire was freed not to long after and went on to anonymously publish a book about Frederick, The Private Life of the King of Prussia, which was essentially an expose on Frederick’s homosexuality. But by the time of Frederick’s death, the two men were on very good terms, so much so that Voltaire was the first to coin him as â€Å"Frederick the Great†. William did not have a vengeful lover to put evidence of his same-sex love in the open. He was too diplomatic and calculating to allow for such things to happen. Although his tact left little evidence of his love life, it does tell a great deal about his philosophy about civil rights. Both William and Frederick were champions of civil rights. Furthermore, it would not be ridiculous to think that their homosexuality played a large part in shaping their views, expecially during a time when sodomites were being viciously punished. William was outright stubborn about defending the liberties of his people, which actually earned him the English crown in 1689. While in power, William championed religious freedom and people’s rights. He created the Bill of Rights, which was one of the most important documents in English history, perhaps even the world. It forbid unfair taxation, it did not allow the government to infringe upon protest and it demanded a trial with fair, humane punishment for criminals. This document was the predecessor for other rights documents, including that of the United States. Likewise, in Prussia Frederick promoted religious tolerance, reduced harsh penalties and sentences, and even pardoned prisoners that held beliefs that he disagreed with. He encouraged the work of artists, musicians, scientists and philosophers to make Prussia a wholly great nation. Finally, and most well known are the two’s military accomplishments. William led the Netherlands in a small united force against the French, and though it ultimately was defeated, it heavily drained French resources while keeping the Netherlands in tact. William also drove out James II of England which, as aforementioned, resulted in him obtaining the English Crown. William loved being on the battlefield, in fact â€Å"Too often he got stuck into the fighting when he should have been in the rear making decisions for the battlefield as a whole† (William III). He kept many of his war companions as his closest confidantes, often drawing criticism for making rulings on their advice and discussions. Whereas William had been more eye-level with his soldiers, Frederick ran his military with an iron rod. The frivolous, fun-loving man who passed so many laws concerning people’s safety and rights tolerated nothing in his military. Disobedience and disloyalty meant painful and brutal physical repercussions. But he was able to defeat France and Russia in the Seven Years War, making Prussia a superpower and tripling its armed forces. And like William. Frederick risked his life on the front line, and too often came close to being killed. William III and Frederick II were two men, who, despite their very different upbringings, coincidentally ruled in two very similar styles. Frederick would have known of William III, in fact he had been very inspired by the Bill of Rights William created, but with very little contact they still led uncannily similar lives. It could be attributed to their similar lifestyles: two men that were devoted to their country and their duties, but also had their secrets to hide. Their homosexuality did probably contribute to their similitude, but it was their wit and strong-mindedness that led them both to unconventional and unexpectedly strong leadership. Works Cited Crompton, Louis. â€Å"Frederick the Great. Homosexuality Civilization. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2003. 505-12. Print. Dynes, Wayne R. , Warren Johansson, William A. Percy, and Stephen Donaldson. â€Å"Frederick II (The Great) of Prussia (1712-1786). † Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. New York: Garland Pub. , 1990. 428-29. Print. Strachey, Lytton. â€Å"Voltaire and Frederick the Great. † Books and Characters, French English,. New York: Har court, Brace and, 1922. 167-99. Print. Waller, Maureen, David Onnekink, and Jason McElligot. â€Å"William III. † BBC – Homepage. BBC. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. . How to cite The Gay Lives of Frederick the Great and William Iii, Papers